Issues and Needs for the next 3-5 years
Issues:
Weeds-greenhouse
Perennial ornamental plants – weed control
- Labor to clean up weeds
- Nutrients removed
- Weed seeds in water
Grasses are an important problem
Weeds .. a difficult concern in ground cover ornamentals and with plants in small containers.
Herbicide resistance is a concern
Sedges are difficult to control
Edible crops … non-bearing plant labels have a one year restriction – plants cannot produce fruit
for human consumption for one year after treatment.
Difficult weeds
- Eliptica
- Prostrate spurge
- Upright spurge
- An unknown, large, upright, lanceolate leafed weed
Weeds in seepholes of pots
Safe methods of controlling weeds around pots
Herbicide safety – wind issues
Mist blower – insecticide/fungicide waste
Seeds in water – introduced into pots
- Mystery thistle
- Liverwort
Control methods
- Tilapia
- Herbicides
- Cutrina – rate issues
Plants with herbicide issues
- Bulb plants
Water
- Disease Management
- Weed Seed Management
- Nutrient Management
- Availability of Water
- Iron/sodium content
Economic Competitiveness – most issues discussed fit under this category
Cost Items
- Fertilizer –
- changing from Osmocoat because of cost
- How much fertilizer for an oak tree
- Water
- How much for an oak .. a holly
- Perennials flag in the heat .. response – more water … needed?
- ET models for water
- Labor
- Herbicide
Losses
- Wind turns over pots
- Fertilizer lost
- Herbicide lost
- Damage to plants – broken limbs
- Pot stability – study of pot holding systems
Pest Timing Systems
- Day degree models
- Phenology gardens
Vertebrate Pests
- Sapsuckers – No. 1 for tree growers
- Feral hogs – lesser importance
- Deer – occasional pests
- Rabbits – occasional pests
- Rats – not very often
- Beavers – can be pests of water storage ponds
Plant Growth Regulators
- Vegetables
- To keep from getting leggy
- Flower removal
- Tree/shrub shaping and growth control
- Crepe myrtle
Insects
- Leaf cutting ants
- Root mealybugs
- Spider mites – miticide coverage, cost, rapid popl. increase, air blast sprayers
- Other mites – identification
- Thrips (western flower thrips)
- Leaf miners ( gerbers, mums, verbena, citrus, elm, boxwood, cress)
- Life cycle in leaves
- Control – systemic insecticides
Insect problems on trees
- 1st or 2nd leaf and stem galls –live oak and other oaks
- Hard to control – timing and efficacy of products
- Prevention
- Salability affected – minimal tree health issues.
- 1st or 2nd ambrosia beetles
- No tools for control
- Huge economic impact (red bud, pear, oak, maple, Chinese pistach, plum)
- 3rd flat headed and longhorned borers
- Need help
- Adult ID
- When larvae detected its too late
- Pheromones
- Flight prediction
- Need help
- Thrips (problem on crepe myrtle, pear, young trees, early spring)
- Other borers – peach tree borer
- Mites – Bald cypress
Color ornamentals – top 4 insects
- Western flower thrips
- Mites – coverage/timing
- Leaf miner – need more tools
- Mealybugs – management problem
Shrubs
- Scales are the primary problem – management problem – infested cuttings for propagation
Perennials
- Same as color ornamentals
- Leaf nematodes
- Root knot nematode
Disease – top concerns for color ornamentals, perennials, trees and shrubs
- Trees
- Cankers – Nectria (Chinese elm, pear)
- Leaf spots – Anthracnose, Entomosporum (Photinia) better chemicals, rotation, identification, management
- Fire Blight (plum, crab apple) – no tools available, prune out
- Powdery mildew (crepe myrtle, white oak, bur oak, chinquapin, magnolia)
- Need better fungicides, rotation strategies, management systems
- Color ornamentals
- Root rots
- management systems (avoid overwatering, contaminated water, propagation related disease introduction)
- need new and better tools
- Crown rots
- management systems (water management, heat, root bound, pot density)
- Chemical often too late
- New products needed
- Root rots
- Other disease problems
- Thelaviopsis
- Rust – day lilies (susceptible varieties), iris, bald cypress
- Phomopsis – juniper
- Blight (Botrytis, Alternaria, Phomopsis) – all color ornamentals susceptible (not species specific), environmental
- Downey mildew (coleus, salvia, rose) – have chemicals (preventative), but loose plants because disease moves fast
- Viruses
- Low incidence, normally
- Chinese pistache higher incidence
- Ajuga, higher incidence (looks like leafminer)
Environmental Quality
- Spray drift
- Run-off
- Green Industry
- IPM as Green promotion
Information Dissemination
- Insect identification poster
- One page fact sheets
- Emphasis on information at meetings